牛津英语模块1-4重点短语讲解与练习

Book 1

1. inform…of/that …告知某人某事

inform sb. that/sth. 告诉/告知…… inform sb. +疑问词+to do 告知某人做…… keep sb. well informed of…使……及时了解……

2. more than 不止，超过，多于;非常;不仅仅，不只是

no more than 仅仅，不多于;并不比……强（含两者都不满意的语气） not more than 至多，不超过other than除了……之外 rather than而不是 less than少于；不如not less than多于，不亚于no less than达……之多；并不比……差（含两者都满意的语气）

3. pay attention to 注意;关注

draw/attract/catch/invite one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 bring sth. to one’s attention吸引某人注意某事 give one’s attention to注意 fix one’s attention on/upon把注意力集中于……

4. deserve to do值得做

deserve +n.值得 deserve+doing值得被……（doing应该为及物动词或及物动词词组）deserve to be done值得被……

5. be hard on对……苛刻；对严格要求

be hard at sth.忙于某事 give sb. a hard time使某人难堪 have a hard life生活艰难

6. do with 处理，处置，对待

do with与what 连用，deal with 与how 连用·do without没有……也行

What do you think of…=How do like / find…你以为……怎么样？

7. lose weight减肥

by weight按重量计 over weight过重 put on / gain weight长胖 take off weight减轻体重 weight on成为……负担 weigh up称出……；权衡 weigh sth. out称……重量

注意：weigh作及物动词，意为“称……”，强调动作；用作不及物动词，意为“重……”，无被动语态。

Book 2.

1.show up 显眼，出现

show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb.给某人展示某物 show sb. in/ out 领某人进来/出去

show off炫耀 show interest in…对……感兴趣 show sb. the way指示，走哪条路；示范

2. look into朝……里面看；调查，研究

look up to尊敬； look down upon瞧不起；look like看起来像；look as if / though似乎；look behind向后看；look back to / on回顾；look at 看着，着眼于；研究；look for寻找；look forward to向往；look sb. in the eye(s) / face直视某人；look after照顾；look over查看；look round / around环顾，四处打量；look on / upon ... as 把……看成……；look sb. up and down上上下下打量某人；have / take a look at看一看

3.make up编造；构成；弥补；化妆；和解，和好

make for 有利于；make it 做到；make ... into ...拿……制成；make of 用……制造；make from 用……制造；make ... out of用……做；make a face做鬼脸；make one’s way 前进；make way for替……让路; make a contribution to为……做出贡献 make out辨认出

4. put on 穿上，戴上；带着某种神（表）情；上演、演出；装出，假装；增加

put aside 把某事放在一边；put down 写下，镇压；put in 投入，放进；put off 推迟；put together 装配；put up 张贴，举起，建造，搭起，进行；put up with 忍受；put away把……收起来put out扑灭；出版；生产；关掉

5. in case (连词短语)万一，以防

in case 作副词性短语时，意为“以防万一，免得”。如：

You’d better carry some money just in case.你最好带点钱，以防万一。

1. in case of+n. “在（有坏事的）情况下，万一发生……”，通常置于句首；in no case“绝不”，置于句首，全句用部分倒装的语序；in any case“无论如何，不管怎样”，用作副词，加强语气；in the case of “就……来说，关于”。

6. supplies of 大量的

表示“大量的”词可以分类如下：

1. 只接可数名词复数，作主语，谓语动词用复数。

quite a few, a good many, a number of = numbers of

2. 只接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

quite a little, a good/great deal of, an amount of = amounts of

3. 既接可数名词又接不可数名词，谓语动词根据名词确定。

a lot of = lots of, a quantity of = quantities of, plenty of

quantities of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词总用复数。

7. set sail for启航

set about 着手做某事(后接动名词)；set aside 拨出；set back 把……往回拨；set off出发，使爆炸；set free释放；set fire to放火烧；set up竖起，立起；建立；创（记录）；set down记下；set sb. an example为……树立榜样；be set in以……为背景

8.pay off成功，带来好结果；还清（债务等）

pay back偿还；报复 pay sb. money for sth. 为某事物付给某人钱 pay one’s respects to sb. 向某人表示歉意 pay the price付出代价 pay for 付钱；因……受惩罚

Book 3.

1.in sight在视野内

in/within sight能看见 out of sight of sth看不见catch sight of发现；看到lose sight of 再也看不见keep sight of/keep sb/sth in sight将-----保持在视线之内；照看；监视 at first sight 初见；乍看at (the) sight of一看见------就

2. watch out for小心

watch over看护，照顾 watch oneself 注意，留神 watch one’s step做事谨慎小心 watch for寻求，期待，等待watch out小心（用于祈使句）watch one’s time等待时机keep watch做看守，值班 Watch out for = look out for = take care of

take care表示“小心，注意”，其后常接to do sth.或that从句。

take care of还可意为“照料，负责，处理”。

take care not to smoke too much.= Take care that you don’t smoke too much.

3. can’t help doing禁不住做

can’t help but do 不得不，忍不住 can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help sb./sb.’s doing奈何不了（某人）做（某事）Help oneself (to)自行取用，随意使用 help out使摆脱困境 if one can help it如果能够的话，尽可能help sb. With sth.帮助某人做某事

4.take control of控制

lose control of 无法控制 in control of 管理；掌握 in the control of 被……管理，被……控制 out of control 失去控制 under control 受控制

5. pick up（偶然地、无意地）获得、学会；继续；恢复；收拾、整理；捡起、拾起；（车辆等）中途搭（人）、中途带（货）；（在无线电里）收听到

pick sb/sth out挑选出某人[某物]；分辨出某人[某物] pick up speed加速；have one’s pocket picked包被扒

6. contribute to为……作贡献；有助于;导致

contribute … to … 把……贡献给……；把……投给……；make contributions to作出贡献

如：He contributed a lot of money to the charity.他捐了很多钱给慈善机构。

She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.她在这次讨论会中提出很多好的意见。

A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.适度的运动有益健康。

7. turn into转变成

turn against背叛 turn round转过身；turn away 不理，撵走；：turn in 上交；turn over 翻开；turn against 背叛；turn back 返回，翻回到；turn down 拒绝，把音量开小一点；turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；turn up 出现，把音量开高一点；turn…into reality 把……变为现实；turn (a)round 转过身来；by turns 轮流；out of turn 抢先；take turns轮流

8. take over 继承，接管

take短语：take off 飞机起飞，事业腾飞，脱衣服；take a chance / one’s chance冒险，碰运气；take away 拿走；take back 收回；take down 记下，取下；take on 呈现，雇用；take out带出去，拿出；take after (涨的)像 take… for…把……当作；误认为……

9. carry out贯彻，执行，完成

carry out其后一般接work, plan, experiment, promise, agreement, task, decision, advice, policy, test等名词。

carry on 表示不顾干扰或困难继续做；坚持，后面可接with sth.或doing sth. 如：Even after the music started they carried on talking. carry sth off赢得某物；成功地应付（困难）局面 carry through帮助某人度过难关；成功地完成某事物 carry weight 有影响力 carry away拿走，冲走；吸引住（某人）；使忘我（常用于被动语态）

Book 4

1. be aware of知道，明白，意识到

be aware of sth.知道，明白；发觉，察觉到 be aware that…知道，明白；发觉，发现 be well aware of sth./that… 非常清楚某事

2. get across讲清楚，让…领会；过…

get through通过；完成；接通电话；到达 get along对付得过去；相处；有进展；有喜色

get over克服；康复；越过 get in收割；进入，抵达 get down to 开始做正经事，to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词做宾语 get together 联欢，聚会 get away from回避；摆脱 get up 起床；get across 被理解，使通过； get back 回来，恢复；get down 下来，写下，开始做某事；get home 到家；get into 进入，陷入；get off 下车（马、船、飞机）；get on 上车（马、船、飞机）；get out 出去；get to 到达，着手做某事

3. in order to do sth. 为了做某事

in order to do sth.= so as to do sth.（只在主句后）= to do sth. 为了做某事 in order for sb. to do sth.为了让某人做某事 in order that/ so that + 从句 “为了……”

注意：只有主从句主语相同时，才能用in order to, so as to, to do表示目的；否则用in order that或so that引导从句。

4. come true实现

come across偶然遇见 come about发生（无被动语态）come back回来；回忆起 come into进入；得到 come out出来；出版；发芽；（秘密等）传出 come to an end结束 come up with赶上；提出，想出come to共计，达到；达成；苏醒；涉及，谈到

5. make way for…给……让路；让位于……

make one’s way向前走，前进lead the way带领，领导in the way of按照；属于……种类 all the way自始至终 give way(to)投降，让路，被……取代 put sb. in the way of给某人……的机会 no way不行

6. enter…into…把……计入……

enter for报名参加（比赛）enter into加入；开始；构成……的一部分；考虑；讨论

7.pass on sth. to sb.= pass sth. on to sb.（用后）递给；传给

pass on= pass away=die去世 pass by经过 pass sth. down流传；使世代相传 pass sb. over(考虑提职等时)跳过某人 pass through经过，路过 pass sth. up放弃，不要机会等 pass over sth.避免提及（或考虑）

8. give out用完；耗尽；停止运行；发出（光、热等）；分发，散发

give in 屈服，让步；give away 赠送，泄露，颁发，出卖；give off 放出，发出；give way to 顺从，让……优先 give back归还

9. put forward提出（观点、议案等）；将……提前；推荐

put aside 把某事放在一边；put down 写下，镇压；put in 投入，放进；put off 推迟；put on 穿上；put together 装配；put up 张贴，举起，建造，搭起，进行；put up with 忍受put out扑灭；出版；生产；关掉

Book 5

1. keep one’s word守信用，履行诺言

break one’s word食言，失信get word / have word 获得消息，听说，得知 give/pass one’s word 保证，承担；答应，允诺leave word留言 word by word逐字地 have a word with sb.跟某人说话 have words with sb.同某人吵架 get in a word 插话 in a word总之 Word comes / has come that 消息传来

2. lie with(做出决定等)得靠……；应由……（承担责任）

lie in在于……；lie 后用介词to（即lie to the east/west of…）表示方位或朝向，意即“在……之东/之西”，并不强调是否接壤；强调二者交界则用介词on(lie on the east/west of…),还可用来表示“在……河畔”；lie in表示“在……境内”。

3. cut back on减少

cut off切断 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒，削减 cut out 切掉 cut short 剪断；打断 cut…into pieces 把……切成碎片 cut open… 切开 cut across / through 穿过 cut in 插嘴；（突然）插入

4. run out(of) 用完

run out(= be used up)为不及物动词短语，主语一般为物，以主动形式表示被动意义,而run out of(= use up)后应接宾语。My car has run out of petrol.

run across 偶然碰到 run into 偶然碰到；撞到…… run after追赶run over撞倒；碾过（压死） run through/ over 浏览 run for 竞选

5. under way在进行中，在前进中

under repair/ construction/discussion 均表示正在进行，意为：在修理中/建设中/讨论中

in a/one way在某种程度上 all the way一路上，从远道 by the way顺便说 by way of 经由 in no way 一点也不 in the way 挡道，碍事 no way不可能，决不 a way of doing/to do sth. 做某事的方法 make one’s way一路前进；艰难前进 fight one’s way推挤着前进 feel one’s way摸索着前进 lose one’s way迷路

6. work out产生某种结果；锻炼；设计出，制订出；算出

work sb/oneself up (into sth)使某人[自己]激动起来 work up 鼓起，激起 work on 致力于，从事于; 制定 work at 从事 work off发泄

7. end up结束；最后（成了）；最后（某种结局）

1. end up with 用……来结尾 end up in以……（状况）而告终 end up doing/n.最后……结束

如：We talked so long, therefore I ended up missing class.

He started as employee and ended up as the head of the company.

The party ended up with a song.

If you continue to drive so carelessly, you’ll end up in hospital

2. 有关end短语：put an end to结束；制止 come to end结束 in the end 最后 make ends meet量入为出 bring … to and end使……终止

Book 6

1. make fun of 取笑，拿……开玩笑

for fun/for the fun of/in fun 取乐；当笑话

相似词组有：make a joke of/about 拿……开玩笑 play a trick/joke on sb.戏弄某人 laugh at嘲笑

2. in response to对……做出反应

make no response没有做出回答 respond to … with …用……回应……；give/make no response to 没作答复

3. go on 发生，进行；继续下去，时间过去

1. go on to do sth. 指昨晚一件事，做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事；go on with sth. 继续做某事

2. go back on 违背，不履行；go down下降，下沉；go away走开；go out出去，扑灭；go off爆炸；go in进去；go too far过分；go up上升；go without没有……勉强凑合；go through经历，遭受，完成；检查，搜查go bad食物变质；go mad发疯；go red脸色变红；go round 够分配，够吃用；go wrong出毛病；go smooth进展顺利

A. out B. over C. round D. under

4. burst in打断,破门而入,突然出现

burst into +n. 突然……起来（尤指唱、哭、笑）；burst out doing突然……

5. apart from除了……

devote oneself to……投身于……，献身于……

1.apart from = except for, as well as“除了……以外”；besides“除了……以外还”= as well as“另外”；besides后还可跟动词的-ing形式，还可作副词，表示“另外，再说”。

2. except = not including“除了……以外”；except还可用于except that, except when, except for

3. devote的宾语可以是oneself, one’s time, one’s energy等，还有be devoted to形式

4.常见的由介词to构成的短语有：according to按照，依照；get used to习惯于；contribute to…为……做贡献 stick to坚持see to照看，处理；turn to求助于，转向lead to导致

6. in celebration of

1. celebrate sth.庆祝 congratulate sb. on sth.祝贺某人……

2. “in +n.+of”构成的词组有：

in honor of为了纪念，以……的名义；in praise of 赞美；in need of 需要；in place of 代替，用……而不用；in memory of 纪念；in case of以防万一；in favor of支持

7. be home to是……的家乡；成为……的定居地

be the home of 是……的家（产地）；be/feel at home在家；随便；感到自如 make oneself at home无拘束；感到舒适 bring sth. home to sb.使某人彻底了解某事物

8. draw one’s attention引起某人的注意力

in addition另外

in addition (to)除此之外；另外

attract one’s attention引起某人的注意 catch one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 give (much) attention to（过分）注意 pay attention to注意 turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向…… fix one’s attention on 把注意力集中在…… call one’s attention to请某人注意…… bring one’s attention to使某人注意某事

Book 7

1. spring up突然出现,涌现,迅猛发展

spring to life突然活跃起来 spring back弹回到原来的位置 spring sth on sb向某人突然说出某事

2. up to sb.由某人决定，取决于某人

up to now直到现在；up to date时髦，未过时的；be up to (doing) sth.胜任（做）某事/忙于某事；count up to 20数到20

3. open up 打开；开发；开始

be open to 对……开放的；易受……的；in the open 在户外，在野外；keep one’s eyes open 留心；注意；lay open 摊开（书等）；throw open 突然打开；大开；open fire on/upon at 向……开火

4. carry out:实施（计划）；履行（义务）；进行（实验）

carry on 继续做；carry off 夺去（生命）；获得（奖赏）； carry sb through 使某人度过（困难、危机等）；carry away 运走，拿走，冲去，掠走；吸引住（某人），使忘我carry forward 使（事业等）进展

5. keep … in mind记住，牢记

keep in mind that…记住……；be on one’s mind/ have sth. on one’s mind（使某人）为某事/物担心；bear/keep sb. /sth. in mind记住某人/物；bring/call sb./sth. to mind想起某人/某物；change one’s mind改变注意；make up one mind下定决心；keep one’s mind on sth. 继续专心于某事物；put/set/turn one’s mind to sth.专心于某事物；turn sth over in one\’s mind仔细考虑或反覆思考某事物

6. take sth. into consideration考虑，考虑到；把考虑在内

关于consideration的短语：take sth. into consideration = take sth. into account把考虑在内；have consideration for…为……着想；be under consideration在考虑中；out of consideration出于对……的考虑，体谅；in consideration of考虑到，作为对……的回报; have / leave sth. out of consideration忽视某事；all things considered全面考虑；考虑到所有的情况；on no consideration绝不

7. take notice of 注意 in the hope that希望

1.take no notice of 不注意come into notice 引起注意；give notice通知；come to one’s notice引起某人的注意；bring sth. to one’s notice使某人注意某事物；without notice不预先通知

2.in hopes of/in the hope of/in the hope that 怀有……希望；without any hope of 毫无…的希望；It’s hoped that…/People hope that … 人们希望……；I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我不希望如此。

8. wash away冲垮，冲掉

under repair在修理中

1. wash down冲洗，冲下 wash up把……冲上岸wash sth. off（使某物）被冲洗掉

2. under control在控制中 under discussion在讨论中 under construction在建设中 beyond repair无法修复 in good/ bad repair维修良好/不善

Book 8

1.be bent on决心于，致力于；一心一意要，决心……

同义词组有：apply one’s mind to; attend to; be absorbed in; be bound up in; be buried in; devote one’s attention to; give one’s mind to

2. have prejudice against对……有偏见

be prejudiced against对……有偏见；prejudice sb. against sb./sth.使……怀有对……的偏见；without prejudice不损害其他利益；无损于合法权利

3. make the acquaintance of结识某人

1） of one’s acquaintance为某人所认识的；on first acquaintance初次相见时；cut/drop one’s acquaintance with sb.与某人绝交；gain acquaintance with…得以熟知……

2） be acquainted with sb.与某人相识；be acquainted with sth.熟悉/了解……

3） acquaint sb./oneself with sth.使……熟悉……，使……了解……

4. take on呈现；雇佣

take off 飞机起飞，事业腾飞，脱衣服；take a chance / one’s chance冒险，碰运气；take away 拿走；take back 收回；take down 记下，取下；take out带出去，拿出；take over接管take up占去；开始从事；拿起；（车等）接纳（乘客）take to sb/sth对……产生好感; 培养从事某事的能力take for granted想当然(认为理当如此,对作主观估计)

5.fall in love(with)爱，坠入爱河，喜欢

1. be in love with sb.爱上某人 be out of love with sb.不喜欢某人，与某人不相爱 fall for sb.爱上某人，被某人吸引

2. fall apart破裂 fall back后退 fall back on sb/sth 有困难时（能）求助于某人, 依靠某事物 fall behind落后于 fall down失败，崩溃 fall asleep入睡fall on突然降临; 来临

6. break up打碎，分开；

break in破门而入，闯入；break into强行进入，闯入；break into pieces 破成碎片；break in two破成两半；break through 突破；break the law 违法；break the rule 违背规章制度；break one’s word / promise 说话不算数；break one’s heart 使某人心碎break out（火灾）；（战争）爆发；（争吵）爆发 break down坏掉；把……分成若干部分；打破，毁掉；破除；制服；坍塌；（计划等）失败，不成功；(健康、精神)垮下来；中止，停顿

7. regardless of不管

同义短语有：in spite of / despite + 名词或代词；even though/if“尽管”，引导状语从句。

8. give thought to考虑，思考

think of doing sth. 意图做某事 read one’s thoughts理解某人 express a thought表达一个想法 have no thought of doing sth.不想做某事 give up all thoughts绝望 thought for sb./ sth.对……考虑/关心

Book 9

1. be second to…仅次于……

be second to none最佳的，不亚于任何人的be next to仅次于；紧邻 be superior to优于 be junior to比……小

2. be fond of喜欢

become/get fond of（逐渐变得）喜欢

3. for short简称，缩略

be short for是…的简写be short of = be lack of缺乏 short of还可作“除了……之外”

4.be bound to必定

be bound for准备前往 be bound up in sth.忙于某事；热衷于某事

5. have a preference for 偏爱

show preference for偏爱in preference to 优先于by preference最好，首先；根据偏好

6. owe…to…把……归功于……

owe sb. one dollar = owe one dollar to sb.欠某人一美元 owing to 由于

7. in particular尤其 associate…with…和……有联系

8. in terms of就……而言；在……方面

be on good terms with sb.与某人关系好come to terms with sb.与某人达成协议

9. stand for代表;支持，主张；表示

stand up站立 stand by袖手旁观 stand out突出；显眼；出色；杰出

10. relate to和……有联系；有关，涉及；和……相处

相同意思的词组有：be related to； connect…with…；be connected with…；associate…with…；join…to…；link…to/with…；have sth. to do with…

Book 10

1. on top of …此外

类似短语有：besides, apart from, in addition to

(be/feel) on top of the world非常愉快或自豪（尤指因获成功或好运）

from top to bottom completely 从上到下; 完全地; 全部地

2. push for努力争取

push aside 推向一边；忘掉(不愉快的事)；push on with 推进/继续做；push over 推倒/刮；push in 插嘴；挤进push out 解雇；替换

3. account for sth 占…比例；是…的原因；说明；解释

give sb. an account of叙述；描写；报道take sth into account /take account of sth. 考虑/顾及某事keep accounts记帐on account of sth.(=because of something) 因为、由于on no account 决不；绝对不on this /that account 由于这个/那个缘故of no account 不重要

4. other than除了……之外

other than含义与except／but相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分，后接名词、代词或不定式。

要注意other than, except, apart from, besides, but, except for的不同之处。

5. take advantage of sb /sth 利用；欺骗，占……便宜

have an advantage over sb/sth比……有优势be at an advantage / have an advantage 处于优势be to one’s advantage 对……有利

6. make use of 利用 make the best of = make the most of充分利用

take advantage of 利用 come into use 开始使用 put… into use 开始使用 of use有用的

It’s no use /useless doing… 干某事是无用的。

7. submit to服从，顺从，听从

submit to中的to为介词，其后接动名词或名词或代词

submit an application/ proposal to…向……提交申请/建议 submit that…认为/建议…

8. exchange…for…把……换为……

in exchange of交换；交流 have an exchange of交换；交流

9. choke back抑制

choke sth down困难地咽下某物choke (with sth)（使某人）说不出话来choke (on sth)窒息

10. keep up 不低落, 维持, 继续

keep ahead (of) 保持(对...的)领先地位；keep back 退缩; 隐瞒; 留[扣]下; 阻止 keep up with不落后; 与...并肩前进, 与...保持接触keep away (from sth.) 避开；keep back 阻止，隐瞒；keep fit 保持健康；keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；keep (good) time （钟表等）走得准；keep hold of 抓住；keep sth in mind 牢记某事；keep off 避开；keep on doing sth. 继续做某事，反复做某事；keep out 把……挡在外面； keep to坚持，遵守；keep watch 守望；keep the law 遵守纪律；keep the rule 遵守规章制度；keep one’s word / promise 说话算数

11. in strait处境困难

fall into hopeless straits陷入绝境 in trouble处于困境当中

in构成的短语表示状态的有：in danger处于危险当中 in surprise处于惊讶中 in condition精神抖擞 in good spirits精神抖擞 in a dilemma为难

12. be faced with面临

lose/save face 丢脸/保全面子in the face of 面临…to one’s face直接地make a face 做鬼脸